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	<title>Clearideaz &#187; tableau</title>
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	<link>http://clearideaz.com</link>
	<description>webdesigner et intégrateur XHTML / CSS</description>
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		<title>Rendre son site accessible</title>
		<link>http://clearideaz.com/2008/01/rendre-son-site-accessible/</link>
		<comments>http://clearideaz.com/2008/01/rendre-son-site-accessible/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 26 Jan 2008 09:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Olivier G.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accessibilité]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[accesskey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[formulaire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[navigation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tableau]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[<p>Sur le web, les sites respectant les règles de validités <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> fleurissent, mais pour ce qui est des sites accessibles, <strong>les progrès sont lents</strong>.</p> <p><strong>Que faut-il faire exactement pour rendre son site accessible?</strong></p> <p>Nous allons voir brièvement une liste d'éléments à intégrer dans le code XHTML pour permettre à son site de <strong>respecter les contraintes d'accessibilité</strong>.</p> <h3>Bien organiser son document XHTML</h3> <p>Un document accessible se doit de respecter une certaine logique. <strong>On ne doit surtout pas organiser son contenu en fonction de l'apparence graphique du site</strong>. C'est la méthode qui était utilisée lorsque l'on construisait des structures graphique à l'aide de tableau. Il faut veiller à ce que le document soit lisible sans la présence de feuilles <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheet">CSS</abbr>. On respecte impérativement l'ordre logique des balises (&#60;h1&#62;, &#60;h2&#62;, etc...). Le titre du site et de la page consultée doit se trouver en haut du document suivi du menu principal. On passe ensuite au contenu et enfin le pied de page.</p> <h3>Veiller à ce que le titre de la page change</h3> <p>Cela parait peut être anecdotique mais la balise &#60;title&#62; est très importante pour les personnes ayant des déficiences visuelles. Cela leur permet de mieux se repérer dans les différentes pages du site internet. Si vous laissez le même titre pour chaque page, il sera complètement perdu. Et puis, prendre la peine de mettre des beaux &#60;title&#62; en fonction du contenu, ça fait déjà plus sérieux ;)</p>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sur le web, les sites respectant les règles de validités <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> fleurissent, mais pour ce qui est des sites accessibles, <strong>les progrès sont lents</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Que faut-il faire exactement pour rendre son site accessible?</strong></p>
<p>Nous allons voir brièvement une liste d&#8217;éléments à intégrer dans le code XHTML pour permettre à son site de <strong>respecter les contraintes d&#8217;accessibilité</strong>.</p>
<h3>Bien organiser son document XHTML</h3>
<p>Un document accessible se doit de respecter une certaine logique. <strong>On ne doit surtout pas organiser son contenu en fonction de l&#8217;apparence graphique du site</strong>. C&#8217;est la méthode qui était utilisée lorsque l&#8217;on construisait des structures graphique à l&#8217;aide de tableau. Il faut veiller à ce que le document soit lisible sans la présence de feuilles <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheet">CSS</abbr>. On respecte impérativement l&#8217;ordre logique des balises (&lt;h1&gt;, &lt;h2&gt;, etc&#8230;). Le titre du site et de la page consultée doit se trouver en haut du document suivi du menu principal. On passe ensuite au contenu et enfin le pied de page.</p>
<h3>Veiller à ce que le titre de la page change</h3>
<p>Cela parait peut être anecdotique mais la balise &lt;title&gt; est très importante pour les personnes ayant des déficiences visuelles. Cela leur permet de mieux se repérer dans les différentes pages du site internet. Si vous laissez le même titre pour chaque page, il sera complètement perdu. Et puis, prendre la peine de mettre des beaux &lt;title&gt; en fonction du contenu, ça fait déjà plus sérieux <img src='http://clearideaz.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>

<h3>Indiquez à l&#8217;utilisateur où il se trouve sur la page</h3>
<p>Il est important parfois de signaler à l&#8217;utilisateur utilisant un lecteur d&#8217;écran où il se trouve sur la page en l&#8217;indiquant dans un texte masqué par <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheet">CSS</abbr> pour les autres utilisateurs. Pour cela, on signale par exemple à l&#8217;internaute qu&#8217;il se trouve sur le menu principal par cette phrase : &laquo;&nbsp;Vous êtes actuellement sur la navigation principale du site&nbsp;&raquo;. On cache cette phrase par la propriété CSS &gt; display:none. Attention, n&#8217;utilisez pas la propriété &gt; visibility:hidden car la phrase ne sera pas lue par le lecteur d&#8217;écran.</p>
<h3>On ne fait pas de la mise en page avec des  tableaux</h3>
<p>Beaucoup de sites ont encore des structures graphiques à base de tableaux. Sémantiquement, ça ne veut rien dire. Rappelons-le, <strong>les tableaux sont destinés uniquement à la structuration de données</strong>.</p>
<h3>Renseignez correctement vos tableaux</h3>
<p>Le tableau est certainement l&#8217;élément le plus difficile à rendre accessible. <strong>Les lecteurs d&#8217;écran ont beaucoup de mal à lire les données tabulaires non renseignées</strong>. L&#8217;attribut &laquo;&nbsp;Summary&nbsp;&raquo; permet de donner une indication sur les données contenues dans le tableau. &laquo;&nbsp;Caption&nbsp;&raquo; servira à donner un titre. Il faut également définir les entêtes du tableaux. Les balisages &lt;thead&gt;, &lt;tbody&gt; et &lt;tfoot&gt; permettent de rassembler les différentes parties du tableau, ils correspondent respectivement à l&#8217;entête, le corps et le pied du tableau. Ensuite, on place des ID à chaque entête et on assigne aux cellules associées cet ID par le biais de l&#8217;attribut headers=&nbsp;&raquo;". Enfin, si vraiment on souhaite être pointilleux, on ajoute aux entêtes l&#8217;attribut abbr=&nbsp;&raquo;" afin de donner une abréviation du contenu de la cellule. </p>
<p>Voici un tableau non-accessible&#8230;</p>

<div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="html4strict" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span> <span style="color: #000066;">class</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;desc&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Evolution du prix des jouets<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">table</span> <span style="color: #000066;">border</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;1&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">cellspacing</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;0&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">cellpadding</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;2&quot;</span>&gt;</span>
     <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;</span>Jouets<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;</span>Elmo<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;</span>Nono le robot<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;</span>Poupée barbie<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;</span>Canard vibrant<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
     <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;</span>Prix en 1998<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">br</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>20,3 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>35,4 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>23,2 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>10,5 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
     <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;</span>Prix en 1999<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">b</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>20,6 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>30,4 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>25,2 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>9,5 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
     <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">table</span>&gt;</span></pre></div></div>

<p> .. et le même tableau respectant les contraintes d&#8217;accessibilité :</p>

<div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="html4strict" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">table</span> <span style="color: #000066;">summary</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;Tableaux de prix des jouets en euros&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">border</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;1&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">cellspacing</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;0&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">cellpadding</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;2&quot;</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">caption</span>&gt;</span>Evolution du prix des jouets<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">caption</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">thead</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span>&gt;</span>Jouets<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span> <span style="color: #000066;">id</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;elmo&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">abbr</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;elmo&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Elmo<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span> <span style="color: #000066;">id</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;nono&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">abbr</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;nono&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Nono le robot<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span> <span style="color: #000066;">id</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;barbie&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">abbr</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;barbie&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Poupée barbie<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span> <span style="color: #000066;">id</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;canard&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">abbr</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;canard&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Canard vibrant<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">thead</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tbody</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span> <span style="color: #000066;">id</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;1998&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Prix en 1998<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span> <span style="color: #000066;">headers</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;elmo 1998&quot;</span>&gt;</span>20,3 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span> <span style="color: #000066;">headers</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;nono 1998&quot;</span>&gt;</span>35,4 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span> <span style="color: #000066;">headers</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;barbie 1998&quot;</span>&gt;</span>23,2 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span> <span style="color: #000066;">headers</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;canard 1998&quot;</span>&gt;</span>10,5 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span> <span style="color: #000066;">id</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;1999&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Prix en 1999<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">th</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span> <span style="color: #000066;">headers</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;elmo 1999&quot;</span>&gt;</span>20,6 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span> <span style="color: #000066;">headers</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;nono 1999&quot;</span>&gt;</span>30,4 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span> <span style="color: #000066;">headers</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;barbie 1999&quot;</span>&gt;</span>25,2 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span> <span style="color: #000066;">headers</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;canard 1999&quot;</span>&gt;</span>9,5 €<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">td</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tr</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">tbody</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">table</span>&gt;</span></pre></div></div>

<ul>
<li><a title="Se rendre sur les tableaux accessible d'Openweb" href="http://openweb.eu.org/articles/tableaux_css/">Pour en savoir plus&#8230;</a> (Tutorial Open Web)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Bien organiser ses formulaires</h3>
<p>Les formulaires bénéficient également de règles d&#8217;accessibilité. Lorsque vous créez un &lt;label&gt; pour une balise &lt;input&gt;, vous devez impérativement définir l&#8217;id associé :</p>

<div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="html4strict" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span> <span style="color: #000066;">for</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;ymca&quot;</span>&gt;</span>YMCA<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;post_ymca&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">id</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;ymca&quot;</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span></pre></div></div>

<p>Ensuite, la balise &lt;fieldset&gt; permet de regrouper différentes catégories de champs. La balise &lt;legend&gt;, quant à elle, permet de donner un titre aux différents &lt;fieldset&gt; :</p>

<div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="html4strict" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">fieldset</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">legend</span>&gt;</span>Civilité<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">legend</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>Nom<span style="color: #ddbb00;">&amp;nbsp;</span>: <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;champs_nom &quot;</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>Prénom<span style="color: #ddbb00;">&amp;nbsp;</span>: <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;champs_prenom &quot;</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">fieldset</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">fieldset</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">legend</span>&gt;</span>Renseignement divers<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">legend</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>Date d'obtention du permis: <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;champs_permis&quot;</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>Loisirs : <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;champs_loisirs&quot;</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">fieldset</span>&gt;</span></pre></div></div>

<p><em>(Notez que l&#8217;on a organisé le formulaire différemment pour les labels. Néanmoins, Internet Explorer comprend mal ce type de balisage.)</em></p>
<p>Sur ce même formulaire, on peut ajouter l&#8217;attribut tabindex=&nbsp;&raquo;" afin de définir l&#8217;ordre de tabulation. Cela se révèle très utile :</p>

<div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="html4strict" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">fieldset</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">legend</span>&gt;</span>Civilité<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">legend</span>&gt;&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">br</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;</span>  
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
			Nom<span style="color: #ddbb00;">&amp;nbsp;</span>: 
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">tabindex</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;1&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;champs_nom &quot;</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
			Prénom<span style="color: #ddbb00;">&amp;nbsp;</span>: 
			<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">tabindex</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;2&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;champs_prenom &quot;</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">fieldset</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">fieldset</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">legend</span>&gt;</span>Renseignement divers<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">legend</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
			Date d'obtention du permis:
	 		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">tabindex</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;3&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;champs_permis&quot;</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;</span>
	 	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
	 <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
	 <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
	 	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
	 		Loisirs : 
	 		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">input</span> <span style="color: #000066;">tabindex</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;4&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">type</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;champs_loisirs&quot;</span> <span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span>&gt;</span>
	 	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">label</span>&gt;</span>
	 <span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">fieldset</span>&gt;</span></pre></div></div>

<p>Concernant les listes déroulantes, on fera appel à &lt;optgroup&gt; afin de créer des catégories lorsque cela est nécessaire :</p>

<div class="wp_syntax"><div class="code"><pre class="html4strict" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">select</span> <span style="color: #000066;">name</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;constructeur_automobile&quot;</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">optgroup</span> <span style="color: #000066;">label</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;Europe&quot;</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">option</span> <span style="color: #000066;">value</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;vw&quot;</span> <span style="color: #000066;">selected</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;selected&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Volkswagen<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">option</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">option</span> <span style="color: #000066;">value</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;peu&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Peugeot<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">option</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">option</span> <span style="color: #000066;">value</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;ren&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Renault<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">option</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">optgroup</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">optgroup</span> <span style="color: #000066;">label</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;Asie&quot;</span>&gt;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">option</span> <span style="color: #000066;">value</span><span style="color: #66cc66;">=</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;hyun&quot;</span>&gt;</span>Hyundai<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">option</span>&gt;</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">optgroup</span>&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&lt;<span style="color: #66cc66;">/</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">select</span>&gt;</span></pre></div></div>

<ul>
<li><a title="Se rendre sur le tuto sur les formulaires accessible d'Openweb" href="http://openweb.eu.org/articles/formulaire_accessible/">Pour en savoir plus&#8230;</a> (Tutorial Open Web)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Ajouter des combinaisons d&#8217;accès rapide</h3>
<p>Les attributs accesskey=&nbsp;&raquo;" permettent de définir des raccourcis-clavier pour accéder directement aux éléments de la page. Cela peut se révéler pratique pour la navigation à l&#8217;intérieur de la page mais également dans les longs formulaires. Il ne faut jamais utiliser de lettre pour les raccourcis-clavier</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Se rendre sur Openweb" href="http://openweb.eu.org/articles/accesskey_essai_non_transforme/">Pour en savoir plus&#8230;</a> (Article Open Web)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Ajouter des title=&nbsp;&raquo;" à chaque lien</h3>
<p>Sur chaque lien que vous placerez sur vos pages, il faudra renseigner un title sous cette forme : </p>
<p><code>&lt;a href="mon lien" title="Se rendre sur la page de mon lien"&gt;Mon lien&lt;/a&gt;</code></p>
<p>Il est important de placer dans cet attribut title <strong>un vrai texte de description</strong> du lien et non pas une phrase bidon.</p>
<h3>Ne pas oublier les &laquo;&nbsp;alt&nbsp;&raquo; des images</h3>
<p>Quand cela se justifie, il faut impérativement renseigner l&#8217;attribut alt correspondant à l&#8217;image affichée. Parfois, il n&#8217;est pas important de le renseigner si l&#8217;image n&#8217;est pas importante (notamment pour certaines images d&#8217;illustration) pour comprendre le document. Tout est question de jugement.</p>
<h3>Pour aller plus loin</h3>
<p>Voici ci-dessous une liste de site qui complètera cet article :</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Se rendre sur la section Accessibilité d'Openweb" href="http://openweb.eu.org/accessibilite/">Section Accessibilité d&#8217;Open Web</a></li>
<li><a title="Se rendre sur l'article Accesskey le grand échec de l'accessibilité du Web d'Alsacreations" href="http://css.alsacreations.com/Accessibilite-du-Web/Accesskey-le-grand-echec-de-l-accessibilite-du-Web">Article d&#8217;AlsaCréationS sur les Access Keys</a></li>
<li><a title="Se rendre sur le site Access-Keys.org" href="http://www.access-key.org/">Le site Access-Keys, une référence en la matière</a></li>
<li><a title="Se rendre sur le testeur de site d'Accessibilite Web" href="http://www.accessibiliteweb.com/">Un testeur d&#8217;accessibilité</a></li>
</ul>
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